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rights” is inherent in the whole of the Convention. In these cases which your Lordships have
               held are not criminal cases under the Convention and therefore do not attract the specific
               protection given by article 6(3)(d) (though even in criminal cases the European Court has
               recognised that “principles of fair trial also require that in appropriate cases the interests of
               the defence are balanced against those of witnesses or victims called upon to testify”: see
               Doorson v The Netherlands (1996) F.HRR 330, 358, para 70), and having regard to the
               safeguards contained in section 4 of the 1995 Act, I consider that the striking of a fair balance
               between the demands of the general interest of the community (the community in this case
               being represented by weak and vulnerable people who claim that they are the victims of anti-
               social behaviour which violates their rights) and the requirements of the protection of the
               defendants’ rights requires the scales to come down in favour of the protection of the
               community and of permitting the use of hearsay evidence in applications for anti-social
               behaviour orders.
               The standard of proof
               -       I am in agreement with the opinions of my noble and learned friends Lord Steyn and
               Lord Hope of Craighead on this point and for the reasons which they give I would hold that
               in proceedings under section 1 of the 1998 Act the standard of proof that ought to be applied
               to allegations about the defendants’ past behaviour is the criminal standard.
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               R (McCann) v Manchester Crown Ct (HL(E)
               Lord Hutton
               -       For the reasons which I have given I would dismiss the appeals of A the McCann
               defendants and would declare that the House had no jurisdiction to hear the appeal of the
               defendant Clingham.
               LORD HOBHOUSE OF WOODBOROUGH
               -       My Lords, for the reasons given by my noble and learned friends Lord Steyn and Lord
               Hope of Craighead and in agreement with the opinion
               of my noble and learned friend Lord Hutton, in particular what he has said e in paragraph 113
               of his opinion, I too would make the orders proposed.
               LORD SCOTT OF FOSCOTE
               -       My Lords, I agree that for the reasons given in the opinions of my noble and learned
               friends, Lord Steyn, Lord Hope of Craighead and Lord Hutton, the appeal in the McCann
               case should be dismissed and in the Clingham case the House should make the order
               proposed by Lord Steyn.
               I, like my noble and learned friend Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough, am in full agreement
               with what Lord Hutton has said in paragraph 1.13 of his opinion.
               Appeals in McCann case dismissed. Declaration that no jurisdiction to hear appeal in
               Clingham case.
               Solicitors: Peter Kandler & Co; Burton Copeland, Manchester; James Welch; Director of
               Legal Services, Kensington, and Chelsea Royal London Borough Council; Winckworth
               Sherwood; Treasury Solicitor.
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               R. v DEAN BONESS AND OTHERS
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